By Benjamin Hofmann and Milena Wiget.

2. Milena Wiget (biography)
What options do researchers have in designing interdisciplinary collaborations? How can researchers understand the connections between their own discipline-based research and less familiar research in other disciplines?
Types of interdisciplinary research collaborations
Solving complex sustainability and other problems often requires the integration of different disciplinary perspectives, which is challenging. To address this challenge, we developed a simple typology that features three types of interdisciplinary research collaborations, which can be implemented at any stage of the research process, as described, and shown in the figure, below.
Common base (type I): Research from different disciplines is integrated at one stage of the research process and then separated into disciplinary research at the next stage.
